Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene from Puspa Wood Biomass

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Abstract

The renewable energy transition demands efficient energy storage, where lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are crucial for battery energy storage systems (BESS). This study reports the hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of nitrogen-doped graphene (NDG) from puspa wood biomass for anode applications. Puspa wood contains approximately 43.98% carbon with a low ash content of 1.256%, indicating its suitability as a carbon precursor. Through carbonization and graphitization, amorphous carbon was successfully transformed into an ordered graphite structure, as confirmed by the disappearance of –OH groups (3400–3600 cm−1) in Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and by X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak shifts from 23.50° to 26.50°. Subsequent oxidation produced graphene oxide (GO) characterized by carbonyl (C=O) groups at 1704 cm−1, while nitrogen doping introduced C–N (1200 cm−1) bonds, resulting in the formation of NDG. Nitrogen doping is known to enhance electrochemical properties. These findings highlight puspa wood as a promising precursor for NDG synthesis and provide a foundational material characterization that supports its further electrochemical investigation. This study demonstrates the promise of puspa wood biomass as a sustainable carbon source for advanced anode materials, contributing to eco-friendly battery technology.

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