Valorization of teak wood biomass into nanobiochar for environmental remediation

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Abstract

The release of hazardous pollutants into aquatic systems has increased due to rapid industrialization, making the development of effective and sustainable remediation techniques necessary. Although biochar made from biomass has drawn interest as an inexpensive adsorbent, its limited adsorption capacity and surface reactivity limit its practical use. Systematic research on underutilized biomass feedstocks, especially teak wood, and their structure-property connections is still lacking, even though nanobiochar offers better performance. Here, we describe the production of nanobiochar obtained from teak wood as a novel nanohybrid adsorbent, which is made via mechanical size reduction after regulated high-temperature pyrolysis. A highly porous architecture, richer functional groups, and improved surface reactivity are revealed by thorough analysis (BET, FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and zeta potential). Through cooperative processes including surface complexation, electrostatic interactions, and pore filling, these characteristics facilitate the effective adsorption of heavy metal ions and organic contaminants. The proposed material has the potential to be an affordable, sustainable, and scalable solution for biomass valorization and water remediation due to its high removal efficiency and operational adaptability.

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