Green solutions: Eco-friendly wood preservatives for improving wood durability

Streszczenie

Brak zatwierdzonego streszczenia. Przeczytaj abstrakt poniżej lub otwórz oryginalną publikację.

Abstrakt

Wood remains an indispensable material across construction, packaging, infrastructure, and furniture sectors due to its favourable strength-to-weight ratio, workability and renewable origin. However, its susceptibility to biodegradation by fungi, insects, moisture and ultraviolet (UV) radiation intensifies the global demand for effective preservation systems. Conventional chemical preservatives-especially creosote, pentachlorophenol (PCP) and chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-have historically provided long-term protection but pose significant ecological and human-health risks due to toxicity, bio persistence and leaching potential. Consequently, the transition toward green, non-toxic, biodegradable and sustainable preservatives has become scientific priority. This review synthesizes recent advancements in plant-based extracts, essential oils, mineral-derived preservatives, bio-polymers, nanomaterials and biological control agents. Case studies (tobacco waste extract, Ginkgo biloba leaf extract, mimosa/quebracho extracts, mistletoe and lichen extracts, and essential oils) are critically analysed for their antifungal efficacy, mass-loss reduction and overall durability performance. Innovative technologies such as nanotechnology, plasma treatment, thermal modification, genetic improvement and biocontrol strategies are also evaluated. Collectively, the reviewed evidence suggests that eco-friendly wood preservatives show substantial potential, particularly for indoor applications, although challenges remain in outdoor durability, long-term performance, cost-effectiveness and regulatory acceptance. The review underscores the need for further research into synergistic formulations, nanostructured carriers and fixation technologies to enhance environmental safety while ensuring robust wood protection.

Abstrakt w wersji dostarczonej przez źródło. Pełny tekst może być ograniczony przez wydawcę.