Embedment strength of fully threaded bolts in cross-laminated timber

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Abstract

Due to good physical and mechanical properties, cross-laminated timber (CLT) has become one of the main construction elements in timber construction. The load-carrying capacities of joints with dowel-type fasteners for CLT depend on the embedment strength in CLT. In this study, available empirical formulae for the embedment strengths of smooth dowels in CLT were first reviewed, and then their validation was verified by experimental results from literature. Afterwards, the improved empirical formulae for the embedment strengths of smooth dowels in CLT were proposed on the basis of the formulae for the embedment strengths in wood given by the current design standards of timber structures. The formulae include a constant influence coefficient considering the locking effect of crossed layers, which was derived by the best fitting correlation with the experimental results from literature. In addition, embedment tests at various load-to-grain angles in CLT were performed using fully threaded bolts with different diameters, which have the different surface conditions from those of smooth dowels. The load-to-grain angles had statistically significant effects on these embedment properties. Empirical formulae for the embedment strengths of fully threaded bolts in CLT were proposed.

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