Identification of the Wood Species and Relationship Between the Wood Species Selection and the Occurrence of Biological Diseases in Wooden Components within Ancient Wooden-Structure Building of Songyun Temple

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Abstract

A comprehensive identification of wooden components in ancient wooden-structure building of Songyun Temple was conducted using optical microscopy based on the basis of wood anatomy. Furthermore, the relationship between wood species selection and biological diseases was discussed. The findings reveal that: (1) Chinese lace-bark pine (Pinus bungeana), hard pines (Pinus subg. Diploxylon), chestnut (Castanea sp.), oak (Quercus sect. Cerris), wing-nut (Pterocarya sp.), Chinese Toon (Toona sinensis), and poplar (Populus spp.) were identified as the predominant wood species utilized for these wooden components. Statistical analysis indicates that hard pines are the primary wood species found in Songyun Temple. (2) Additionally, fungal decay and insect infestation are the predominant types of biological diseases observed in the study. Fungal decay can be detected in all wooden components, with Chinese lace-bark pine, hard pines, Chinese toon, and oak exhibiting particular susceptibility. Carpenter bees inflict more severe damage on chestnut, wing-nut, and Chinese toon species. Oak and poplar species are highly susceptible to powderpost beetle attacks. (3) These biological diseases are intricately linked to the inherent natural durability of various wood species as well as external environmental factors. The findings of this study provide scientific guidance for analyzing the underlying causes of biological diseases in wooden components, implementing protective measures for rescue purposes, and adopting preventive strategies.

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