Wood characteristics of surface-charred modification of Indonesian popular fast-growing species ( Falcataria moluccana and Neolamarckia cadamba)

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Abstract

Jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) and sengon (Falcataria moluccana), widely planted in Indonesia's community forests, are fast-growing species used as raw materials in the timber industry. Their low density limits their use in final products. This study aimed to evaluate their quality using eco-friendly surface-charred modification with butane gas torches. Three treatments were applied: (1) charred surface (Ch), (2) charred surface followed by removal of residual charcoal (Ch + B), and (3) un-charred surface (control). Properties were evaluated by measuring charring quality, mechanical properties, dimensional stability, termite resistance, and chemical component alteration. The charring characteristics assessment showed Ch surfaces had higher char thickness and mass loss than Ch + B surfaces for both wood species. The average anti-swelling efficiency of charred wood increased by 21–36% compared to control, indicating improved dimensional stability. The mechanical properties and termite resistance showed no significant changes in charred wood surfaces (Ch and Ch + B) for both species compared to untreated wood. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy results demonstrated changes in chemical groups (holocellulose, lignin, carbohydrate) for both species after charring at wavelengths of 800–1800 cm⁻1. These findings suggest surface-charred modification can improve dimensional stability of both wood species. However, further enhancements in mechanical properties and durability are needed.

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