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Visual grading and defects in sawn timber: softwood and hardwood

Lumber grading · Beginner

Knots, grain, pith, reaction wood, shake, wane, resin, stain and drying degrade; how visual rules and appearance grades work for softwood and hardwood; and how grading links to claims, documentation, sorting and price, with the limits of paywalled standards stated.

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  1. 1. Grading, defects and where they come from 9 min
  2. 2. Knots and grain deviations 10 min
  3. 3. Pith, reaction wood, shake, wane and resin 10 min
  4. 4. Stain, mould, decay and drying degrade 11 min
  5. 5. Reading a visual rule: softwood appearance grades 10 min
  6. 6. Hardwood grading: oak, beech, ash and colour defects 11 min
  7. 7. Claims, documentation, sorting, price and limits of this course 12 min

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