Green chemistry in wood protection: the role of natural coatings in sustainable development

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Abstract

Natural coatings for wood protection have gained significant attention as sustainable alternatives to synthetic coatings, offering eco-friendly solutions to enhance durability, weather resistance, and functional properties. This study systematically evaluates the performance of natural coatings through quantitative analysis, focusing on key parameters such as water contact angle (WCA), surface roughness, UV resistance, fungal resistance, and mechanical strength. Results indicate that coatings based on tung oil, linseed oil, and chitosan exhibit high water repellency, with WCA values exceeding 130°, comparable to commercial synthetic coatings. UV resistance tests reveal that bark extract-based coatings reduce color change (ΔE) by 40% compared to untreated wood, while antifungal efficiency measurements demonstrate up to 95% inhibition of Trametes versicolor growth in wood samples treated with Stellera chamaejasme extract. Mechanical testing shows that chitosan-coated paper exhibits a 20% increase in tensile strength and a 24% reduction in water vapor transmission rate. Despite these advantages, natural coatings face challenges in scalability and long-term performance. This study provides a comparative analysis of natural versus synthetic coatings, emphasizing innovations in nanotechnology and bio-based materials to enhance protective efficiency. The findings contribute to the advancement of sustainable wood preservation techniques with practical implications for construction and furniture industries.

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