Moisture-induced timber joining - Utilizing the hygroscopicity and shape-memory effect of wood resulting in dimensional change in a prefabricated wood-only, self-built, sawn timber system for affordable housing in Colombia

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Abstract

From a global perspective, the building industry stands as a significant factor of environmental impact on the planet. Wood has emerged as a promising construction material as a sustainable building source, gaining traction in the industry due to its carbon storage capabilities and prefabricated possibilities [13]. Particularly in the context of rural Colombia, the integration of prefabricated timber constructions, coupled with advancements in digital fabrication technologies, holds the promise of facilitating social reconstruction. Furthermore, such an approach poses the potential to enhance material performance and contribute positively to its end of life [1]. Nevertheless, existing research identifies a critical gap within the wood-to-wood timber connections to tackle better design, manufacture, assembly, and deconstruction (DfMA + D) [20]. Consequently, this study endeavours to explore the application of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) technologies in conjunction with the material's response to changes in relative humidity. The aim is to devise a mechanism for tight-fitting structural wood connections, the central focus of this research lies in understanding the collaborative interaction between sawn timber and moisture fluctuations. By doing so, the study seeks to introduce a new construction methodology and building system centred around material climate reaction and its expansion capacity applications in traditional connections, thereby mitigating the need for chemical and mechanical structural joints, ultimately resulting in a self-assembly system destined to low-income populations in the Colombian territory. This study proves the enhancement of timber connection to tensile stress up to 50% of its original capacity by implementing the moisture induced process and developing a building system utilising this joining method for the assembly of elements for housing in Colombia.

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