Temperature-dependent diffusion properties of three tropical wood species: Experimental measurements and numerical modeling

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Abstract

Wood is a hygroscopic material whose moisture transport behavior strongly influences dimensional stability, structural performance, and long-term durability in construction applications. Temperature also plays a crucial role in the diffusion process, as it alters the material properties and affects moisture migration mechanisms. Therefore, a thorough understanding of these coupled phenomena is essential for the reliable design and optimization of timber structural elements. In this context, the aim of this paper is to investigate the moisture diffusion properties of three tropical wood species, namely Ayous ( Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum.), Iatandza ( Albizia ferruginea Benth.), and Osanga ( Pteleopsis hylodendron Mildbr.) in different anisotropic planes and to evaluate the impact of heat treatments at 160 ∘ C and 200 ∘ C on these parameters. To this end, experiments were carried out using a low-cost diffusion setup under controlled hygrometric conditions, and moisture uptake data were analyzed using both an analytical approximation and an inverse numerical identification of Fick’s law. The results show strong hygroscopic anisotropy, with moisture diffusion occurring more rapidly along the longitudinal direction than in the radial-tangential plane. The diffusion coefficient generally increased with temperature, while the surface emission coefficient showed a more complex and less regular evolution depending on species, thickness, and thermal state. Among the investigated treatments, 160 ∘ C provides the best overall compromise for practical use, whereas 200 ∘ C leads to stronger modification of moisture transport behavior and a greater reduction in hygroscopicity. The results provide insight into the hygroscopic behavior of thermal-treated tropical woods and contribute to a better assessment of their dimensional stability and durability for timber construction applications.

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